TUNNELS: OHI Analysis 101

1. Tunneling must start somewhere -- and the equipment must be transported to those sites.
   1. Look for places where roads dead-end -- especially into hillsides. (See Q drop #1001: "Where do roads lead?"

      EXAMPLE: Iran's "Fordo" underground Uranium enrichment facility:

      

   2. It also is common for tunnel entrances to be disguised by placing them beneath or inside "other function" structures like the "Main Entrance" at Iran's "Fordo" site, above -- or, in LSJI's case, inside "Temples".

   3. Look for structures that remain where boring started -- as tunnel entrances or as portals for maintenance access or ventilation. (See Qdrop #1007: "Bunker Forest Blue" [aka "BFB"])

      

2. Tunneling produces voluminous excavated materials, (aka "Spoil Dirt") -- which must be disposed of in some fashion. Spoil Dirt deposits -- and the volume thereof -- are de facto evidence of subterranean excavation.
   1. Spoil Dirt typically differs from surrounding surface soil in albedo, color, texture, fertility and/or angle of repose requirement.

   2. Most tunnelers (even quasi-clandestine ones) dispose of Spoil Dirt in thousands of overlapping dump-load piles, which produces a "pimply" appearance -- as at Iran's "Parchin" nuclear materials facility:
      

      The color and albedo of the spoil dirt also contrasts with the natural soil surface (at lower right and bottom left center).

   3. Epstein and his construction engineers were more clever. They disposed of the spoil dirt from tunnel excavations by using it -- for extensive 3-D landscaping, for road building, for leveling building sites, etc.

   4. And -- when they had more spoil dirt than they could use -- they simply "hid it in plain sight":
      
      • Nearly 10,000 cubic yards of spoil dirt was disposed of in that massive, "in-your-face" "berm" that surrounds the "Tennis Court" area.
        

      • A large, but indeterminate, volume of spoil dirt was disposed by spreading it along the tops and sides of LSJI's major ridges:
        

   Finally, an Apple Maps view that illustrates the above tunnel-identifying principles: